How to Connect Multiple Solar Panels Together (Series vs Parallel Wiring Explained)

If you’re looking to increase your solar capacity, connecting multiple solar panels together is a great option. But should you wire them in series, parallel, or a combination of both? This guide explains the differences, when to use each method, and how to wire them safely.

? What’s the Goal of Combining Solar Panels?

Before wiring, decide what you're trying to achieve:

• Increase voltage? Use series wiring.

• Increase current (amps)? Use parallel wiring.

• Both? Use a series-parallel combo.

? Series Wiring (Increase Voltage)

How it works: The positive terminal of one panel connects to the negative terminal of the next. The final output is taken from the free positive and negative ends.

? Voltage Adds Up, Amps Stay the Same

Example:

• 2x 12V, 10A panels in series → 24V, 10A

✅ Best for:

• MPPT charge controllers

• Long cable runs (less voltage drop)

• High-voltage battery banks (e.g. 24V or 48V)

⚠️ Watch out:

• One shaded or damaged panel can reduce performance across the whole string.

? Parallel Wiring (Increase Amps)

How it works: All positive terminals are connected together, and all negative terminals are connected together.

? Amps Add Up, Voltage Stays the Same

Example:

• 2x 12V, 10A panels in parallel → 12V, 20A

✅ Best for:

• PWM charge controllers

• 12V systems

• Systems where panels might receive different sunlight (e.g. roof and ground setups)

⚠️ Watch out:

• Higher current = thicker cables and fuses needed.

• Slight voltage mismatches are okay.

? Wiring Diagrams

? Series Wiring Diagram

css
CopyEdit
[ + ] Panel 1 [ - ]───[ + ] Panel 2 [ - ]                         │                   To Charge Controller

? Parallel Wiring Diagram

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[ + ] Panel 1 ─┐               ├─── To Charge Controller
[ + ] Panel 2 ─┘ 
[ - ] Panel 1 ─┐               ├─── To Charge Controller
[ - ] Panel 2 ─┘

I can provide proper visual diagrams if you'd like — just let me know.

⚖️ Series vs Parallel Comparison Table

⚠️ Important Notes Before Wiring

• All panels must be the same voltage and ideally same wattage.

• Use proper fusing for parallel setups.

• Use solar-rated connectors (MC4) and UV-resistant cables.

• Ensure your charge controller supports the combined voltage/current.

? Example Setups

Example 1 – 2x 200W 12V panels in series:

• Output: 24V at ~10A

• Good for 24V battery bank with MPPT controller

Example 2 – 2x 200W 12V panels in parallel:

• Output: 12V at ~20A

• Good for 12V battery bank with PWM or MPPT controller

? Final Tips

• Use an MPPT controller if combining in series to take advantage of higher voltage.

• If panels are mounted in different directions or get uneven sun, parallel is safer.

• Always check your charge controller specs before connecting.

? Need Help with Your Setup?

Still unsure which method to use or how to wire your panels? Contact our support team with your panel specs and system details — we’re happy to help!